Understanding Conditionals: Zero to Third

Conditionals are one of the most important grammar structures in English. They help us talk about possibilities, dreams, and regrets. Let's break them down simply.

Zero Conditional — Always True

If + present simple, present simple. "If you heat water to 100°C, it boils." These are facts and general truths.

First Conditional — Real Possibility

If + present simple, will + verb. "If it rains tomorrow, I will stay home." This is about real, possible future events.

Second Conditional — Unreal Present

If + past simple, would + verb. "If I had more money, I would travel." This imagines something different from reality now.

Third Conditional — Unreal Past

If + past perfect, would have + past participle. "If I had studied harder, I would have passed." This expresses regret about the past — something that cannot be changed.